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CAFC Finds Board Has Power to Vacate Institution Decision Sua Sponte

The Patent Trial & Appeal Board (PTAB) posed the following question to the public last summer in its Request for Comments:
Real Party in Interest:
5. Should a patent owner be able to raise a challenge regarding a real party in interest at any time during a trial?

Since last summer there have been a handful of IPR proceedings vacated on RPI grounds, post-institution. At the same time, the Board expresses a strong preference that motions for additional discovery on RPI be pursued as early as possible. So, while the Board has shown a willingness to vacate post-institution for improper RPI/privity designations, evidence for advancing such a deficiency (i.e., that the petitioner has failed to name a RPI/privy in its petition) is unlikely to come through PTAB discovery—for now.

This month the Board is expected to release a new rule package responsive to the feedback from last summer’s Request for Comments. The Rules are expected to provide some enhanced ability to secure additional discovery, especially as it relates to RPI.  Given the expectation of more liberal discovery on RPI in the month’s ahead, is RPI a matter of standing that might be raised at any time, even on appeal to the CAFC?

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Continue Reading Is RPI/Privity an Issue of PTAB Standing?

Hedge Fund IPR Scheme Unraveling

Last week, the USPTO’s Patent Trial & Appeal Board (PTAB) authorized a Motion for Sanctions in four IPR proceedings filed by the now infamous Kyle Bass & friends. The motion for sanctions will be based on an alleged abuse of process by Bass & Co. for pursuing four IPR proceedings relating to Celgene patents 6,315,720 and 6,045,501. 37 C.F.R. § 42.12(a)(6) The sanction sought is termination of the proceedings. 42.12(b)(8). (motion here)

The motion authorization, while clearly not an ultimate decision as to the propriety of sanctions is a clear harbinger of things to come. First, as busy as the Board is, any request for additional work is strongly indicative of far more than a passing interest in the topic. Second, the authorization in these cases comes by way of expanded panel. Finally, such motions are exceedingly rare (like less than 1% of cases, rare).  If shares in Hayman Capital were publically traded— like its IPR targets— shares would be significantly down trending on this news. The game is over.

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Continue Reading PTAB Considers Unplugging Hedge Fund Filings

First Reversal of PTAB in IPR

Yesterday, in Microsoft Corp v. Proxyconn Inc. (here), the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) reversed an Inter Partes Review (IPR) determination USPTO’s Patent Trial & Appeal Board— a first.  (The decision also affirmed-in-part, vacated-in-part, and remanded-in part) The Court found that the Board’s construction of several key terms to be unreasonably broad. The IPR is now remanded for further Board proceedings on a narrowed construction.  In this sense, apart from historical significance, the decision is unremarkable.

As to IPR specific issues, the Court brushed aside another challenge to the use of the Broadest Reasonable Interpretation (BRI) standard in IPR, citing its recent Cuozzo decision. Perhaps of most interest in this decision is the commentary of the Court in affirming aspects of the PTAB’s much maligned amendment practices.

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Continue Reading CAFC Reverses & Remands IPR to PTAB

Bio/Pharma’s Favorite Target Serves a Critical Role

Both Houses of Congress now have bills moving to their respective floors on further patent reform thanks in large part to Kyle Bass. Of course Congress had been toying with the idea of further reform long before everyone’s favorite boogeyman came along. But now, thanks to Mr. Bass, Congress has a story to sell otherwise mind numbing legislation to the masses. Keep in mind that America Invents Act (AIA) wasn’t about patents, but job creation. Remember that? The new patent reform story, at least for the significant Bio/Pharma lobby, is this: Hedge funds are devaluing drug patents to the point that and there may not be any future, ground breaking medications —unless Congress comes to the rescue. Silly, yes, but effective for advancing otherwise stagnant legislative agendas?…you betcha.

The fact of the matter is Kyle Bass has been a boon to Bio/Pharma lobbyists. His stunts (and that’s exactly what they are) allow the debate to turn away from patent quality to one of simple gamesmanship. Everyone can rally around a perceived abuse of legal process, especially when perpetrated by a vilified outsider. But the changes contemplated in the name of stopping Mr. Bass go well beyond that which is necessary. 
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Continue Reading Kyle Bass: The Inconvenient Truth

Patent Act Rewritten to Appease Bio/Pharma Lobby

In a surprising change of course, the Senate bill known as the ‘The Patent Act” (S.1137) has morphed into a PTAB reform bill. The initial version of the Bill hardly touched the patentability trials of the USPTO’s Patent Trial & Appeal Board (PTAB). A competing bill, known as the “Strong Act,” — on the other hand— proposed gutting these highly effective patent challenge mechanisms.  After the Manager’s Amendment to the Patent Act on Tuesday (here), at least with respect to the PTAB, both bills now propose significant alterations to the PTAB’s patent challenge mechanisms.

As a reminder, the impetus behind the AIA of 2011 was to thwart abusive litigation fueled by weak patents. It was argued pre-AIA that patents were issuing from the USPTO of overly broad scope and on questionable technology. These patents were then used as tools by extortionists (patent trolls) to extract large settlements from the domestic tech industry. This cottage industry was spawned from an over abundance of such patents. And, since defeating these patents in a district court was quite difficult (due to the deferential treatment of U.S. patents) and expensive, settlement was the only option. The AIA provided relief from these practices by introducing a low-cost, expedited “opposition” to such patents at the PTAB known as Inter Partes Review (IPR) and Post-Grant Review (PGR). That is, the PTAB challenge proceedings of the AIA were designed to weed out weak patents, quickly and cost effectively. These proceedings have been very effective to the delight of some of America’s largest tech companies (i.e., serial defendants).  

Since enactment of the AIA, however, many have realized that when presented with appropriate evidence, the PTAB does not discriminate.  It is not just weak troll patents that are being cancelled, and this has a bunch of folks, especially the Bio/Pharma lobby, up in arms.

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Continue Reading Senate Moves to Derail Gains of America Invents Act

June Boardside Chat on AIA Discovery

The USPTO’s Patent Trial & Appeal Board (PTAB) will host its third  “Boardside Chat” lunch webinar for 2015 today from noon to 1PM. The topic is “Discovery in AIA Trials.”  I will be participating on the the practitioner panel. 

Dial-in is as follows:
Webcast Instructions…

First Hedge Fund IPR Ready for PTAB Institution Decision

Earlier this week, Acorda Therapeutics filed its response to the first of the now notorious hedge fund IPR filings in (IPR2015-00720). In its response (here), Acorda points out that unnamed investors are directly funding the filing, yet remain unknown to the public despite the requirements to list all real-parties-in-interest.  Acorda also points out the profiteering nature of the filing as a means to influence the price per share of publicly traded stocks, which is inconsistent with the PTAB’s congressional mandate.

Since the first round of hedge fund filings, the same entities have filed upward of 15 IPRs. Additional copycat IPR filings have followed from other hedge funds. Meanwhile, the demand for the PTAB’s limited resources remains at an all time high from parties with legitimate patent disputes. 

As I have pointed out previously, independent of the RPI issue, the Board has the power to shut down this burgeoning avenue of abuse, and should do so quickly (a decision is not due until 8/26).  While Congress is poised to quickly provide a statutory control to cut off this chicanery, the public would be far better off if the PTAB exercised its discretion. Such decisive action by the agency would avoid the unintended consequences that would certainly follow the current legislative proposals. 

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Continue Reading First Hedge Fund Filing Moves to PTAB Decision

Today’s Federal Register Notice provides the long awaited “quick-fix” rule changes. The rules codify the changes announced on Director Lee’s March 27th blog post, which provided for the use of a claim appendix in Motions to Amend, expanded page limits for such Motions, and expanded page limits for Petitioner Replies.

The final rules (…

Board Updates Public on Manner of Designating Expanded Panel

As the Patent Trial & Appeal Board (PTAB) is now issuing an increasing number of Final Written Decisions (FWD) in addition to Institution Decisions, it is, not surprisingly, experiencing an increasing number of Requests for Rehearing. Many such Requests are seeking expanded panel review.  To date, the Board has issued expanded panel decisions in a small handful of cases directed to fundamental questions of law and AIA trial practice. For example, expanded panels were used in Target Corp. v. Destination Maternity Corp., (IPR2014-00508), which was expanded twice to explore issue joinder authority of 35 U.S.C. §315(c), and Apple Inc., v. Rensselaer Polytechnic Instit., LLC., Case (IPR2014-00319) to explore 35 U.S.C. §315(b). Since these decisions, parties seeking rehearing have been asking for the same expanded panel treatment.

Last Friday the PTAB issued two informative decisions, which make clear that designation of an expanded panel is not by party request, but rather, and internal decision of the Board.

The intent of these informative decisions is clearly to eliminate such requests going forward.  However, it seems likely that such requests, or “suggestions”  will likely persist in one form or another.

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Continue Reading PTAB Expanded Panels Are Not by Party Request